Magnetic separator.



No. 823,302. PATBNTED JUNE 12, 1906.

x P. T. SNYDER. MAGNETIC SEPARATOR.

' uruoumu 211.21) NOV. 28.1902.

' 4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

PATENTED JUNE12, 1906 4 SHEETS-SHEET s.

F. T. SNYDER.

MAGNETIC SBPARATOR. APPLICATION FILED NOV.28.1902.

Phi-Ll)? LYE LAE w aza awd mma W: 55525 w, W

PATENTED JUNE 12. 1906.

F. T. SNYDER.

MAGNETIC SEPARATOR.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 28. 1902.

i TaefleRi K K. Bragg; 1110 BY 7 being h U ITED STATES/ PA rE T oFEIoE.

EREDERIoK 7r. SNYDER/0 OAK PARK, ILLINOIS, Ss'IeNoR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO INTERNATIONAL SEPARAToR COMPANY, or emcAeo, ILLINOIS, A coRPoRArIo or NEW JERSEY.

' MAGNETIC SEPARATOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June. 12, 1906.

A li ati fi1ed November 28, 1902. Seria1No,l33.006-

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, FREDERIcK T. SNYDER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Oak Park, in the county of Cook and State of Illi nois, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Magnetic Separators, (Case N o. 2,) of which the following is a full, clear, concise, and exact description, reference ad to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification.

y invention relates to improvements in magnetic separators for the se aration of materials of different degrees oi magnetic permeability. v

Broadly stated, my invention relates to improvements in magnetic separators whereby the forces effective in making the separation are more efficiently controlled in strength and in direction.

My invention further includes improvements and novel features adapted to decrease the cost of construction and add convenience in tl operation of such separators.

The result of my invention-'is a more perfect and economical separation than has heretofore been possible.

The invention herein described and claimed is made the basis ofvmethod claims incorporated in the application, Serial No. 133,342,- filed by me December 1, 1902.

My present invention is also more or less closely allied with inventions described and claimed in my copending applications, Se-

rial No. 133,393, filed December 1, 1902; Serial No. 134,117, filed December 6, 1902; Serial No. 136,004, filed; December 20, 1902; Serial No. 136,005, filed December 20, 1902, and Serial No. 201,381, filedApril 4, 1904.

"A magnetic Separator embodying my in vention is shown in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a front elevation. Fig. 2 is a sectional View taken on the plane of line 2 2 ofFig. 1. Fig. 3 is a central-longitudinal sectional view taken on the plane of line 3 3' of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a perspective View showing the construction and operation of the telescoping hop rs. Fig. 5 is'a perspective view showing t e shape and arrangement of the pyramidal projections on the armature.

Like characters of reference indicate like parts throughout the several figures.

I have shown a field-magnet consisting of bolts 7 7, passing through the lugs 8. Formed and clamped between the two halves of the neutral sides of this field-magnet are the bearings 9 9, in which the shaft 10 is mounted. The armature of, comparatively lar e diameter, which comprises the rim 11, t e hub 12, and the arms 13 13, is keyed to the shaft 10, and thereby j ournaled on the fieldmagnet. A belt (not shown) serves to drive the armature by means of the pulley 14.

'the two halves 5 and 6; held together by the The armature being hollow provides a cylin- '6 5 drical path of high magnetic permeability between the pole-pieces, the lines of force in passing from one pole-piece to the other traversing the rim of the armature, and thus occupying a-;-position substantially parallel with the riplrery or surface of the armature itself? The surface of the armature is formed of pyramidal projections 15 15. The preferred shape and arrangement of thesev projections are illustrated in Fig. 5, where I bases, each side of each pyramid being in contact with another. These 'pgramids are desirably'arranged in staggere rows, whereby .75 have' .shown pyramids having triangular,

the rotation of the armature causes one pyramid to be moved into the space formerly lying between two adjacent pyramids.

Substantially opppsite the axis of rotation of the armature on a horizontal line therewith is lll pon wlnch is wound the energizing-coil 17.

placed the electromagnet-core 16,

he pole 18 may desirably be made a plane 1 vertical surface, at least below the place thereon to which the armature projections most closely approach. This pole is thus formed below the horizontal plane through the axis of the armature to lie behind and beyond a vertical plane tangent to the armature. A preferably continuous current sup lied from the dynamo (diagrammatically illustrated at 19) and regulated by .the rheostat' 20 is utilized to energize the winding 17. This windin is desirably placed near the air-gap, whic 1 is utilized for se arating p1ir' poses, thus bringingthe neutral point on the magnet within the coil adjacent to this air gap and concentrating the flux at the desired point. The core 16 may beboltcd to the frame parts 5 and 6, as shown. The re loii'icc the space between the pole l8 and the :irnntture is to be utilized for the purposes of SOPELHLUOH, it is desirable to make this pole o'l relatively smell area in order to corrospondingly increase the flux density this point. Since the function of the pole 2!) is largely that oi" :ill'ording a complete magnetic circuit of iow IOlUCtZUiCO, I have found it desiriihle to make the embrace of this pole large, thereby increasing its area to corrc spoinlingly reduce the ilnx density therefrom. This pole it) may also he plnced very close to the periphery of the ornniture. The

i'litlerence in the areas of the two poles cruises a. corres 'ionding ditlerence in the itl'OttS of the inouced poles on the armature. It is one of the particular features of my invention tlnit the two poles oi the n'nignet he placed on substantially diinnetr' Jolly opposite sides of the armature, whereby the magnetic tructien on the armature is snhstzintiiilly lMtliLilCCd, thereby preventii'ig the pressure which would otherwise fell on. the urinal urehearings.

n iced-hopper .22 is plan-ed above the 8.1- iliit ire-eylinder, as shown. An adjustable slide and chute 24 regulate the feed of on even supply of ii'iiiteriiils to the top of the armature. ol" materials, the inclosing sheet-brains housin is provided on one side, while on the ot 2i shield 26, of highly pern'ieahle iicr side materiel, RS iron or steel, is secured to the hoppeelrniiie at 27 and to thc'incc of the pole 18. A. housing 28 serves, further, to inclose the interior niechgmisin.

The operation of my improved .-;e i,nn':i'toi' will now become npparent. The coil 17 being energized by an electric current, P. magnetic .liux isfset up through the core it the upper and l ower .inlves and (3 oi the held-magnet l'rinne, the pole-piece L59, :tlHi the rim l3. oi the :n'nnit ire-mngnet. A path oi high nuignctic perineiihility is thereby provided which, howeverfis interrupted by the air-gap ol" low permeability between the pole 1. 3 and the :uljztcent side of the i lllitltull m This air-gap is locally shortened by the pi'o-.

jecting pyrin-nidel teeth 15, whereby the flux is caused to converge toward each of the sand teeth. i. have found that the shape :ind'the size of the pyramidal projection relative to the width of the eingop is of great importance. By dccrcnsingthe solid angle of these projections i. find that the distance through which particles may be ottr cted from the pole 16 may be increased. In practice I (hid in order to'prevent the escape.

"point of it necessary to make the width of the air-gap such as to properly accommodate the layer oi nniterinls to be separated therein and the shone and the size of the projections may be m l necessary in order that particles may be attracted from the pole l8. -F0r every set oi conditions which may arise in prmttiee there is at certain proper distance at which the projection should he placed, from the pole, Mid this distance can be simply ascertained by experiment.

ppi i in -f.. b 0 it'illr it, prone p0 t sin ace ein VLI ice 3 disposed, shown, causes a. graduelly-incretsing density of flux from each of the teeth as it approaches a horizontal plane through the axis of rotation. Also the downwardly-pi'ojeeting part of the poleface causes an induction of prolonged duration through. the arii'iziture-teeth as they pass be low the horizontal plane. it will be seen that the pole in, which, however, is faced with a port of the iron shield 25, is so disposed as to permit the free i i-ill of no ninag netic particles from points in the air-grip on a. horizontal plane through the rods of rotation.

The armature being rotated in the direction indicated. by the arrow, materials to be separated led from the hopper and feedchnte to the top of the armature, when they are carried around between the periphery of the cylinder ondthe shield 26. As the projecting teeth approach the upper corner of the ini'lucii'ig; pole-pieee 16 it convergent flux of increiising density is induced from each a 1 causes the materiel to bear very lightly on the siirince of the zirinatin'e, this attract-ionof the per ineiihle particles causes a partial stratiiiciition oi" the two classes of materials before the point of gri'izitest density isreziched. Upon reaching the horizontal plane through the unis cl. rotation the nnottrzicted particles are free to fell \"olti elly under the l'ercc ol' gravii ihe more permeable particles are retiiineden the periphery ol" the 21riiuiture-nmgnet by the prolonged llLlX from the teeth, whereby these parl'iieles, in riddition to the crsicnl component of their motion at the separation, are given it graduallyinerensed horizontal. component, ti'iereby ei- "i'ect' iely sepzirntingthe two classes of materials. As the zirinnture-teeth recede from the pole iii, forming one boundary of the airgrip, the magnetic lluxes through the receding, teeth flit? gradually weakened until the teeth rein-l1 it neutral point on the armature, upon passing through which the llnxes reverse their olnrity. My present invention is distinguished 'l'roni cert? in. other separators i. of the prior art in that the in n tnre-teeth are moved between oles toward and through frames 32 and 33,

My improved separator may be used to separate materials of varying degreesof magneticsusceptibllity from non-magnet1c materials, the permeable materials being retamed in contact with the teeth for varying lengths of movement, depending upon their degree of permeability.

In order to divide the permeable particles from the non-magnetic particles and, further, to subdivide the-permeable particles into different grades, I provide the divider-plates 30 and 31, which may desirably be carried by the rotatably mounted upon the shaft 10, whereby the dlvidingedges of the divider-plates may be adjusted without necessarily alterin the distance between the divider edge and t e periphery of the armature. The links 34 34, the cranks 35 35, and

the shafts 36 36 provide mechanism by which the position of the dividers may be adjusted by means of a crank or wrench applied to the shafts at 37 37 without causing torsional strain in the divider or its carrying-frame, The quadrants 38 38 and cap-bolts 39 39 provide means for clamping the dividers in position when satisfactorily adjusted. The dividernlate 30 is adapted to divide shar rreely-falling non-magnetic particles from all permeable particles retained upon the teeth.

15, while thedivider-plate 31 serves to make a division between particles of two rades of magnetic permeability. Any partic es which have not previously been dropped from the teeth are deposited upon reaching the neu tral point, where no hues of force emanate from the teeth and where the polarities of the convergentiluxes are reversed.

Associated in movement and adjustment with each of the divider-plates 30 and 31 are a hopper and a hopper-apron. Each hopper and-its apron are constructed to telescope, so that no matter what the adjustment of the dividers may be all the non-magnetic parti cles shall pass into .one given hopper. All the the r ividers 30 and 31 shall pass into another particles deposited after passing the divider 31 shall pass into a third hopper. This third hopper 40 may be rigidly connected with the frame of the separator, as

shown. The frame 33 is provided with a shaft or roller- A1, upon which are hung the,

hopper 42 and the" apron 43, which projects into the hopper40. Similar] y,'theframe 32 is provided with a roller 44, upon which are rung the hopper 45 and the apron 46. The adjusting-shaft 36 is conveniently placed, upon which to hang the apron 47.

If the frame 33 and the divider31 be swung around toward the frame 32 and its dividerplate 30, the hopper 42 is carried upon the shaft 41 'm a path striking an arc of a circle ply the ermeable particles deposited between around the axis of rotation of'the separatorarmature. This causes the hopper 42 to slip up around the apron 46, whereby the communication of the opening between the dividing-platps 30 and 31 with the hopper 42 is maintained. At the same time the apron 43 is carried in an arc of a circle with the shaft 41. The hopper 40 bein stationarilymounted, the apron 43 is with rawn from this hopper and up over the edge of the same, so that the apron 43 directs any material which would otherwise fall outslde the hopper 40 into the same. Similarly, if the carrierframe 32 be swung downwardly in a clockwise direction the apron 46 is adapted to-telescope into the hopper 42, while the hopper 45 is carried to the left and downward.- During this movement the apron 47 is adapted to maintain a complete channel for the of thenon-magnetic particles from the point of separation to the hopper 45.

As best illustrated in Fig. 2, the hoppers 40, 42, and 45v are tapered downwardly toward their discharge-openings. Therefore the aprons associated with these hoppers must e correspondingly tapered in order to permit them to telescope within the hoppers as illustrated. As best illustrated in Fig. 4, the tapering sides 48 of these aprons are curled up to form guiding-walls 49. When an apron is considerably withdrawn from its hopper, as the apron 46 is withdrawn from the hop per 42, Fig. 3, these walls 49 serve to guide material falling upon the apron toward its center, where it is of sullicient lengthto direct the materials into the associated hopper.

The general plan of the magnet of my im proved separator may be said to be that of a ox which is open at the top and bottom and through which the materials tb be separated are passcd'in a generally vertical direction. The magnet thus forms an inclosing and supporting frame for the separator mechanism to which the various parts are attached.

While I have herein shownand particularly described one embodimentofgny invention, i twill be apparent to those skilled in the ain't that many changes and modifications therein might profitably be employed, and 1 therefore do not wish to limit myself to the precise disclosure herein sct torth but,,

n Having described my intention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patcnt; 1. ln'a magnetic separator, thc combination with a magnet, of a poleon said magnet:

a cylindrical armature adapted to rotate by said pole, a divider mounted to rotate about the axis ofsa'id armature, links attached to said divider, means for moving said links and means for-feeding material to be separated to said armature? 2. In a magnetic separator, the combination with a magnet, ol, )oles of constant but opposite polarity, a hollow cylindrical armapassage 1 IOC tion with a magnet, of a ole on said magnet,

a shaft adapted to revo ve before said pole, an armature mounted upon said shaft, dividers mounted adj ustably upon said shaft, a

hopper hinged to one of said dividers, an. apron hinged to another ofsaid dividers and' engaging with said hopper, and means for feeding material to be separated to said armature.

4. In a magnetic separator, the combina" tion with an axially-rotatable cylindrical armature, of an electromagnethaving two polepieces of opposite polarity external to said armature and facing the same, one of said pole-picces having its face of lesser area than the face of the other pole-piece, and a magnet-winding concentrated upon the polepiece of lesser area, the other pole-piece having no winding thereon.

5. In a magnetic separator, the combina tion with a magnet, ofia pole on said magnet having magnetizable pyramids at its surface, said pyramids being arranged in staggered rows and formed to present the angles of the pyramids of one row to the space between the pyramids of the preceding row, means for feeding material to be separated to said pyramids, and means for removing the attraeted material.

6. In a magnetic separator, the combination with a magnet pole-piece ,of a cylindrical iron armaturemounted to rotate before said pole-piece, said cylindcrhaving its sur face provided with magnetimible pyramids arranged in staggered rows each of said pyramids being in contact with an adjacent pyramid at its base, said pyramids being formed and disposed to present the angles of the pyramids of each row to the space between the pyramids of the preceding row and means for feeding material to be separated between the armature and said, pole.

7. in a magnetic separator, the eombination with a hollow magnet, open at top and bottom, of bare poles of opposite polarity on said magnet, the fare of one of said poles being vertical, a shaft adapted to revolve between said poles, hearings on said shaft mountedon neutral sidesof said magnet, an

armature, mounted upon said shaft, permeable projections on the surface of said armature, said projections being of such shape and spaced from said vertical pole such a distance, that material will be attracted from said pole to said projections, a divider mounted adjustably on said shaft, links attached to said divider, means for moving said links, means for rotating said armature,

and means for feeding material to be sepa-- rated to said armature.

8. In a magnetic separator, the combination with a hollow magnet, open at top and bottom, of bare poles of opposite polarity on said magnet, the face of one of said poles being vertical, a shaft adapted to revolve between said poles, having bearings mounted on neutral sides of said. magnet, an armature, mounted upon said shaft, permeable projections on the surface of said armature, said projections being of such shape and spaced from said vertical pole such a distance, that material will be attracted from said pole to said projections, a divider mounted adjustably on said shaft, a hopper hinged to said divider, an apron hinged to said divider, and engaging another hopper, links attached to said divider, means for moving said links, means for rotating said armature, and means for feeding material to be separated to said armature.

9. In a magnetic separator, the combination with a hollow magnet, open aboveand below, of bare poles of opposite polarity on said magnet, the face of one of said poles being vertical, a horizontal shaft adapted to re.- volve between said poles, having bearings mounted on neutral sides of said magnet, a cylindrical armature, mounted upon said shaft, permeable projections on the surface of said armature, said projections being of such shape and spaced from saidvertical pole such a distance, that material will be attracted from said pole to said projections, a divider'mounted adjustably on said shaft between said erticalpole and said armature, the edge of said divider lying substantially in a vertical plane tangent to the periphery of said armature.

10. In a magnetic separator, the combination with a hollow magnet, open above and below, of bare poles of opposite polarity on said magnet, the face of one of said poles being vertical, a horizontal shaft, adapted to revolve between said poles, having bearings mounted on neutral sides of said magnet, a cylindrical armature, mounted upon said shaft, permeable pyramidal projections on the surface of said armature, each side of each, projection being in contact-with an adjacent projection, said projections being of such shape and spaced from said vertical pole such a distance, that material wlll'be attracted from said pole to said projections, adiVider mounted adjustably on said shaft, fp'etween, said vertical pole and' said armature, the edge of said divider lying substantially in a horizontal plane passing through the axis of said armature, a hopper hinged to said divider, an apron hinged to said divider, and engaging with another hopper, links attached to said divider, means for moving said links, means for rotating said armature, and means for feeding material to be separated to said armature.

11. .l n a magnetic separator, the combination with a hollow elcctromagnct, open above 3 said sha tween said vertical I 5 hinge other hopper, links attached to said divider,

and below, of bare poles of opposite'polarity and une ual area 'on said electromagnet, the face of t e pole of lesser area being vertical, the Winding of said electromagnet being con- 5 centrated near said vertical pole, a horizontal shaft, adapted to revolve betweensaid poles, having bearings mounted on neutral sides of said electromagnet, a cylindrical armature mounted upon said shaft, permeable pyrami- 1O dal projections on the surface of said armature, each side of each projection being in contact with an adjacent projection, said rojection being of such shape and spaced om said vertical pole such a distance, that material will be attracted from said pole to said projections, a divider mounted'adjustably on said shaft, between said vertical pole and said armature, a hopper hinged to said divider, an apron hinged to said divider and engaged with another hopper, links attached to said divider, means for moving said -links, means for rotating saldarmature, and means for feeding materialto be separated to said.

armature.

tion with a hol ow electromagnet, open above and below, of bare poles of opposite polarity on said electromagnet, the face of one of said poles being vertical, the winding of said elec- 0 tromagnet being concentrated near said vertical pole, a horizontal shaft, adapted to revolve between said oles, having bearings mounted on neutral sides of said nets, a cfvlindrical armature, mounted upon t, permeable pyramidal projections on the surface of said armature, each side of each'projection being in contact with an adjacent projection, said projection being of p such shape and spaced from said vertical pole o"-such a distance,

that material will be attract- (p'ol'e to. said projections, a diadjustably on said shaft, be-

ed from said vider mounte a hopper hinged to said divider, an apron to said divider and engaging with anmeans for moving said links, means for rotating said armature, and means for feeding material to be separated to said armature.

131 In a magnetic se arator, the combination with a cylindrica armature, of means a for rotating said armature about a horizontal axis, an el'ectromagnet havingpoles of differ-' ent areas locate on substantially dianiet rically opposite sides of said armaturearid having a winding adjacent to the air-gap between thearmature and t e pole of lesser area, means for feeding ,material to be separated between said armature and said pole ,of amidal projections formed on being of such shapeand spaced from said pole of lesser area such a distance that a portion 12. In a magnetic separator, the combina-.

electromagpole and said armature;v

14. In a magnetic separator, the combination with a cylindrical armature, of means for rotating said armature about a horizontal axis, an electromagnet having poles of different areas located on substantially diametrically opposite sides of said armature and having a winding adjacent to the air-gap between the armature and the pole of lesser area, means for feeding materials to be separated between said armature and said pole of lesser area, and triangular pyramidal projections in staggered rows formed on the surface of said armature, said projections being of such shapeand spaced from said pole of lesser area such a distance that a portion of the material to be separated may be attracted from said pole to said projections.

15. In a magnetic separator, the combinationwith a cylindrical armature, of means for rotating said armature about a horizontal axis, an electromagnet having poles of opposite polarity and of different areas located on substantially said armature and having the winding adjacent to the air-gap between the armature and the pole of lesser area, means for feeding materials' to be separated between said armature and said pole of lesser area, triangular diametrically opposite sides of i pyramidal projections in staggered rows formed on the surface of said armature, said projections being of such shape and spaced from said pole of lesser area such a distance that a portion of the materials to be separated may be attracted from said pole to said 3 projections, and a divider interposed be tween attracted and non-attracted materials at a point where; the direction of the force of attractiomis substantially perpendicular to the direction of the force of gravity.

16. In a magnetic se arator, the combination with a cylindrical armature, of means for rotating said armature about a horizontal axis, an electromagnet having poles of opposite polarity and of different areas located on substantially diametrically opposite sides of said armature, and having thewinding 'adjacent to the air-gap between the armature and the pole of lesser area, means for feeding materials t8 be separated between said armature and said pole of lesser area, triangular pyramidal projectionsfin staggered rows formed on the surface of said armature, said projections being of such shape and spaced from saidpole of lesser area such a dis tance that a portion of the materials to be lseparated may be attracted from said pole to said projections, and a divider interposed between attracted and non-attracted Ina-' teri'als at apoi'nt where the direction of the ores of attraction is substantially perpensaid pole of lesser area being formed to per mit the free fall of material not attracted.

17. In a magnetic separator, the combination with a magnet, of a smooth pole on said dicular to the direction of the force of gravity,

rgo

magnet, a second pew. opposite mid si 'ieufu pole, the fiiliiiilufi 0i said 500,. poie iiei'n formed inn iJiiHiLflIifiF tions arranged in stag-gm rev/ 5 eimi posed so as to pr0-zent the angles of pyre-iiii h vof one row to the spaces between L'i lnids 01 the preceding row, and warns .ier passing the material to be separated between said smooth pole mid said il'ejeci ions, by it may be attracted to said Pl'UjiI and nieengi'e'r ren'im'ing the separated ma, terial. I

8. In a nmgnetie seperiito'i', the combinetion with a n'izignetv, of :1 pole 0'11 said magnet a cylindrical arimi'bure mounted to rotate before said nmgnet-peie, he peripherz. 1 surface of said armature i'ieing formed into pyizq-midai projections, the side oi" ezmh pyramid heir" in Contact with ifhe side of another pj vrzii'nxi, said pyrzmiids heiiig arranged in staggered rows in relative pesibions to .pre mt the my gies oi the pyri'imids of one m 'to iiie space between the pyrmnids oi the preceding rows,

afniii means For feeding martefiriais td be sepa said. p010 rillfi sa d iirii'iziture. 46343171; eimr, Ehi' i iuwi mi for retail ijng imzteri surface iii if id mineini're, (ii delta ziciztqg't-ed to white on i, re 255; 0i Liiii arientiire, means for :idinsiing said divides, and li'ienins for clamping said dividers in adjustment.

20. in combinetigm, a magnet, means for rotating the if agnet, means for ailing-mm terini to be separated to the magnet, defies-- tors suspended in position to rotate about the axis of the magnet and means for adjusting Hi 0 (i efleetors.

In. witness whereof I here/mite subscribe my mime this 25%. day of iiovemhei', ii. ii, 1 O

. L to we sepw FREDERICK T. SNYDEH v itnesses 2' LYNN A. Vn'iLmMs, HARVEY L, IiAN SONi 

